FN1 and colorectal carcinoma: Ding et al. (2021) found that heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus can co-aggregate with Fn, the bridging bacteria of oral biofilm, and inhibit the adhesion and invasion of Fn, leading to a subsequent elimination of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in oral epithelial cells. However, the role of Lactobacillus in this process requires further exploration (Ding et al., 2021). We also believe that Bacteroides and Lactobacillus can affect the apoptosis of CRC cells through metabolites such as lactic acid, propionic acid, and amino acids.