A further study conducted in Qatar confirmed that obesity risk factors (c-peptide, insulin, albumin, and uric acid) and obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes (e.g., HbA1c, glucose), liver function (e.g., alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase), lipid profile (e.g., triglyceride, LDL-c, HDL-c), as well as most of the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements (e.g., bone area, bone mineral composition, bone mineral density, etc.)were significantly (p <0.05) higher in the obese group (129). Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.