In a report from two large retrospective lung cancer cohorts, high expression levels of PD-L1 in PSC were detected using automated quantitative immunofluorescence, with an approximately 40% higher PD-L1 level in PSC than in conventional NSCLC (automated quantitative fluorescence analysis score of 138 and 190, respectively, P < 0.01) [77]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and lung carcinoma.