S100B and infection: Similarly, strong Gag-specific T-cell responses were associated with lower VLs (R = 0.945, P < 0.001), whereas strong Pol- and Nef-specific responses were associated with higher VLs (R =  − 0.845, P = 0.008 and R =  − 0.845, P = 0.008, respectively) at 1 year of infection (Fig. 2b).