First, we focused on seven well-known, optimal B*13-restricted epitopes located in the Gag, Pol, and Nef proteins of HIV-1 because we did not find any of the new B*13-restricted epitopes in eight patients using the PBMCs at 1 year of infection when we screened from a set of overlapping peptides spanning Gag, Pol, and Nef based on the CRF01_AE subtype consensus sequence [52]. Here, S100B is linked to infection.