Moreover, the stronger the Gag- and the weaker the Nef-specific T-cell responses, the lower the viral set point at 3 months of HIV-1 infection (R = 0.926, P = 0.003 and R =  − 0.837, P = 0.019, respectively) and at 1 year of HIV-1 infection (R = 0.756, P = 0.030 and R =  − 0.845, P = 0.008, respectively) (Fig. 2). The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is HIV-1 infection.