Previous studies have shown that chemotherapy agents comprising the FLOT and CROSS regimens are immunostimulatory and induce the secretion of DAMPS from tumour cells; docetaxel (lung adenocarcinoma [30]), oxaliplatin (colorectal cancer [31] and lung carcinoma [32]) and 5-FU (colon carcinoma cells [33]) stimulate tumour cell secretion of HMGB1. Here, HMGB1 is linked to neoplasm.