We also analysed VGLL3, HMGA2 and SNAI1 expression in human cancers using the GEPIA database29 and found that VGLL3 expression has a weak but significant positive correlation with HMGA2 and SNAI1 expression in esophageal carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (Fig. S1). Here, HMGA2 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.