HMGA2 and carcinoma of esophagus: We also analysed VGLL3, HMGA2 and SNAI1 expression in human cancers using the GEPIA database29 and found that VGLL3 expression has a weak but significant positive correlation with HMGA2 and SNAI1 expression in esophageal carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (Fig. S1).