Each of these genes, with the exception of TGFβ (the lowest induction levels observed), have been strongly implicated as pro-tumorigenic chemokines in the context of CRC with known abilities to induce tumour cell migration, proliferation, immunosuppressive leukocyte recruitment, promotion of angiogenesis and chemoresistance [22–28]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma.