TLR4 and viral infectious disease: Viral infection triggers the activation of innate immunity pathways in mosquitoes, including the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, the Toll pathway, and the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway [32–38], which leads to the transcription of genes responsible for antiviral responses.