TNF and necrotizing enterocolitis: Due to the poor blood circulation, shock is prone to occur.[21] The abdominal aortic blood reflux occurs during diastole, resulting in insufficient intestinal blood flow and the mesentery in a hypoxic-ischemic state.[22] The high levels of TNF-α and IL-3 in children with congenital heart disease are also a factor that causes intestinal wall damage.[23,24] In this study, sepsis is a risk factor for NEC in infants with LBW, which is consistent with the results of previous related studies.