Strikingly, our results showed that combinational treatment of the USP8 inhibitor plus anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly suppressed tumor growth and improved the overall survival rates of MC38 tumor-bearing immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice compared to either single-agent or control-treated group (Fig. 6a, b and Supplementary Fig. 6a, b). This evidence concerns the gene USP8 and neoplasm.