Increasing evidence reveals that expression levels of PD-L1, intact antigen presentation, high cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltration, or interferon (IFN) signaling activation in tumor cells or tumor microenvironment (TME) might be potential hallmarks for better response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade5,6. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is neoplasm.