TNF and cancer: Taken together, the effects of the cancer pathway, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway are mainly related to inflammatory mediator synthesis, reduction of oxygen consumption, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, DNA repair, etc. Therefore, it can be speculated that most of the active compounds of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.