NFKB1 and status epilepticus: Pérez-Otano et al. (1996) proposed that NF-κB expression increased in astrocytes 2 days after KA injection. Matsuoka et al. (1999) found that NF-κB expression was upregulated in blood vessels and glial cells, but it disappeared in vertebral neurons after 1 day of status epilepticus (SE) induced by KA microinjection Similarly, Lerner-Natoli et al. (2000) demonstrated that overexpression and increased activation of NF-κB occurred in thickened astrocytes 4–8 days after SE.