NOS3 and endothelial dysfunction: TMAO could induce significant oxidative stress, inflammatory conditions, and endothelial dysfunction, as it can stimulate the TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome, activate release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and also inhibit the production of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) (Li et al., 2017).