AIF1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Changes in carbohydrate levels, amino acid metabolism, and formation of gamma-glutamyl amino acids in the ALS mice. Shifts in several microbially-contributed catabolites of aromatic amino acids agree with butyrate-induced changes in composition of gut microbiome.Butyrate treatment significantly suppressed the IBA1 level in the microglia of SOD1G93A mice. The serum IL-17 and LPS were significantly reduced in the butyrate treated SOD1G93A mice.