IFIH1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Polymorphisms conferring increased risk of T1D (e.g., A946T, TT risk genotype) have been shown to induce a weaker interferon-mediated inflammatory response in human pancreatic islets infected with Coxsackieviruses, confirming the role of MDA5 in antiviral inflammatory response and the effects of these polymorphisms on its function (20).