INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Importantly, the pancreatic islets of T1D-RO donors showed a higher colocalization rate of MDA5-glucagon as well as MDA5-insulin in comparison to nondiabetic controls (Figure 1B) (28.5 ± 17% vs 20.5 ± 12.5% and 20.6 ± 13.5%; vs 14.4 ± 10.6%, respectively; p< 0.05).