Overall highest responses to specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation were observed for TNFα + IL-2 double cytokine producing activated CD4+ T cells with PAD patients showing significantly higher S N-terminal specific TNFα + IL-2 dp CD4+ T cells compared to CHC (p = 0.014) and HC (p = 0.005). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is peripheral arterial disease.