PAD patients showed a higher expression of triple cytokine producing activated CD4+ T cells compared to CHC (C-terminal, p = 0.02) and naïve HC (N-terminal, p = 0.014) in response to SARS-CoV-2 S. Frequencies of S- and NCAP-reactive triple cytokine producing activated CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in CHC compared to HC (N-terminal, p = 0.03; C-terminal, p = 0.04) (Figure 2A). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is peripheral arterial disease.