Elevated Th1/Th2 (IFN-γ/IL-4) ratios in peripheral blood is a characteristic feature of LN, and the balance of Th1/Th2 in peripheral cells of LN patients shows a polarization toward the Th1 phenotype, and the expression level of IFN-γ produced by Th1 cells parallels the severity of renal injury (51). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and lobular neoplasia.