C3 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In the present study, we aimed to further explore the pathogenic significance of ANA patterns among patients with SLE, by analyzing their association with ANA titers, complement levels and other pathogenic immune markers, namely, complement C3 and C4, rheumatoid factor (RF), anticardiolipin antibodies IgG (ACL IgG) and IgM (ACL IgM), Beta-2 Glycoprotein 1 Antibodies IgG (β2-IgM) and IgM (β2-IgM), and lupus anticoagulant (LA).