TGFB1 and atrial fibrillation: Considering that AF promotes the development of a healthy GIT and has a similar composition to BM, including the presence of EGF, TGF-β, IGF-1, IGF-2, interleukins (ILs), lactoferrin and immunoglobulins (Figure 1), it has been hypothesized that AF and its derivatives may limit the development of NEC (13, 19).