VEGFA and hypertensive retinopathy: And it is now well-known that VEGF is essential for physiologic vascular homeostasis in various cells and tissues, and has been demonstrated to be critical in the molecular pathogenesis of tumor growth and metastasis and in retinopathy associated with several blinding eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy (Adamis and Shima, 2005; Ferrara, 2016; Melincovici et al., 2018).