In NDD-CKD patients (Holdstock et al., 2019; Nangaku et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2021a), daprodustat significantly decreased the level of hepcidin, ferritin, total iron and increased the level of TIBC compared with rhEPO, while no significant difference of TSAT was observed between the two groups. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and chronic kidney disease.