VEGFA and chronic kidney disease: In the three studies (Holdstock et al., 2016; Holdstock et al., 2019; Meadowcroft et al., 2019) that have reported the comparisons of plasma VEGF concentrations in daprodustat versus rhEPO in both NDD-CKD and DD-CKD patients, there was no clinically significant elevations in plasma VEGF concentrations (Table 2).