TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: All these results revealed that DHM could not only attenuate the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts induced by TGF-β1 but also lead to the dedifferentiation of IPF-HLFs, indicating that DHM may be effective for preventing pulmonary fibrosis and restoring the fibrotic lung tissue in clinical applications.