The complex interaction between inflammation and miR-126-3p in autoimmune diseases, such as MS, is further reinforced by results showing that the increased concentration of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma seen in this disease leads to a reduction of mir-126-3p in brain ECs, resulting in an increased VCAM-1 expression and augmented leukocytes adhesion to the brain endothelium (36). Here, TNF is linked to autoimmune disease.