Furthermore, in vitro evidence suggests accumulation of the major histopathological hallmarks of AD—neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid plaques, comprised of microtubule-associated protein tau (Mapt) and amyloid-β, respectively—is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic failure (Stelzmann et al., 1995; Rhein et al., 2009; Ittner et al., 2010; Vossel et al., 2010; Thompson and Vinters, 2012). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.