APP and Alzheimer disease: This observation has been reported innumerous studies using cortical biopsies from AD patients, and transgenicmice carrying a familial-AD associated mutant APP transgene(Androuin et al.,2018; Spires-Jones et al., 2007; Tackenberg and Brandt, 2009).Studies in hippocampal cultures as well as in vivo in mice further revealeda gradual change from mushroom to stubby spines upon Aβ (Penazzi et al.,2016), highlighting the impact of Aβ on dendritic spinedynamics.