Given the role played by RIN3 in endocytic trafficking, it is plausible that specific mutations may alter Ca2+ metabolism that causes PDB; whereas in other cases, RIN3 missense mutations/variants affect reabsorption and repair of damaged lung tissues in COPD; Some other mutations may selectively affect cellular insulin signaling and trafficking in DM. The gene discussed is RIN3; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.