However, above studies are all retrospective studies, then a prospective​studies which generated a mouse model where PTC and thyroiditis develop in a predictable manner, combining the oncogenic drive of the BRAF-v600E mutation to the thyroiditis susceptibility of the NOD.H2h4 strain, suggests that the intratumoral mononuclear cell infiltration was more prominent in mice with pre-existing thyroiditis and sustained by a significant expansion of effector memory CD8 + T cells and CD19 + B cells (26). Here, BRAF is linked to thyroiditis.