RNF43 and colorectal carcinoma: The majority of these are in RNF43 or ZNRF3, with RNF43 mutations found in 9-18% of CRC patients, most of which associate with microsatellite instability and are mutually exclusive from genetic aberrations in APC but strongly associated with BRAF mutations (Giannakis et al., 2014; Yaeger et al., 2018).