TSC2 and melanoma: In addition, in TSC-FAF and nonTSC-BCCadj NS, the nonsynonymous mutation rate per whole-skin FAF biopsy sample was 3-fold and 8-fold higher, respectively, in TP53 than in TSC2, which is similar to the 4- to 5-fold ratio seen in BCC and SCC derived from keratinocytes (16, 38, 39) and melanoma (cBioPortal; refs. 17, 47, 48).