For example, NCL interacts with the 3′-UTR of poliovirus to promote translation of viral RNA (30) while a more recent study reported that NCL interacts with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of food and mouth disease (FMDV), which promotes IRES-driven translation of FMDV RNA via its active recruitment of translation initiation complexes (29). Here, NUCLEOLIN is linked to mouth disorder.