In addition, cell surface NCL serves as a receptor for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (32), adeno-associated virus type-2 (33), coxsackie B virus (34), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (35), and NCL directly interacts with the VP1 capsid protein of enterovirus 71 (EV71) promoting EV71 binding, infection, and production (36). This evidence concerns the gene NUCLEOLIN and infection.