Decreased circulating IGF-1 levels in rodent models are also associated with increased BBB permeability, pathological microvascular remodeling, increased microvascular fragility, and increased susceptibility to the hypertension-induced development of CMHs (Bake et al., 2014, 2016; Tarantini et al., 2017c). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and hypertensive disorder.