Since AdsA is also catalyzing the biosynthesis of immunosuppressive adenosine in blood (31), and homologues of AdsA were previously identified in other clinically relevant Gram-positive microbes including emerging methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Bacillus anthracis, and several pathogenic streptococci (31, 38, 65–69), development of small molecule inhibitors or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that neutralize AdsA may help to combat infections caused by MRSA and other drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Here, RNF170 is linked to infection.