As ACPA inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of EMT-related transcription factors, slug and snail, and CB1R is also found in epithelial cells, including AT2 cells (Cinar et al., 2017), it might be possible that the activation of CB1R in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis also prevented EMT derived from AT2 cells and the ECM it generated. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.