TGF-β1 is one of the most potent and well-studied profibrotic inducers of pulmonary fibrosis that triggers and greatly enhances the fibrogenic activity of lung fibroblasts (Fernandez and Eickelberg, 2012; Martinez et al., 2017; Aschner et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.