INS and diabetes mellitus: Smart insulin pen use was associated with improvement of mean discounted life expectancy (+0.90 years) and quality-adjusted life expectancy (+1.15 quality-adjusted life-years). Moreover, using smart injectors was a source of cost savings (direct SEK 124,270; indirect SEK 373,725) in comparison to standard care. The abovementioned profits were a result of projected lower frequency and delayed onset of diabetes complications versus standard care.