Our MLC primarily uses four genes to classify TBM: GBP5, SOD2, NFKBIA, and FTL. GBP5, which promotes NLRP3 inflammasome responses to pathogenic bacteria36,37, and is part of a 3 gene signature (GBP5, DUSP3, and KLF2) that distinguishes active pulmonary TB from other infections38,39. Here, KLF2 is linked to meningeal tuberculosis.