PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In 2019, Wu et al. reported that anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies could benefit patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and that an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapy effectively prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) provided that the PD-1/PD-L1 antibody positivity rate was > 1% [11–13].