BRAF and melanoma: For this reason, a number of targeted therapies, including EGFR inhibitors in EGFR mutant NSCLC, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors in ALK-rearranged NSCLC, BRAF/MEK (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors in BRAF mutant melanomas, and tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors in neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive tumors have become mainstays of clinical treatment, and many additional targeted therapies are now advancing through preclinical and clinical development (1–3).