Given that albumin and fetuin-A are both synthesized in the liver and categorized as negative acute-phase proteins, these results suggest that CKD–MBD, inflammation, and malnutrition/PEW cooperatively accelerate the formation and maturation of CPPs and that simultaneous control of these two pathologies is critically important to prevent chronic inflammation and progression of cardiovascular diseases including VC in CKD patients. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and chronic kidney disease.