IL-2 enhances the production of TNF-α28,29 which could explain the increased TNF-α as secondary to the stimulation of IL-2.30 However, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in the DS/CHD group were decreased and remained similar pre- and post-operatively, although their concentration increased pre-discharge. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and coronary artery disorder.