Although a few observational cohorts have suggested that anti-TNF treatment for elderly patients with IBD, including those with NEO-IBD, have a higher rate of treatment discontinuation and severe adverse events such as infection23–25, there has been no comparative analysis investigating the outcomes of anti-TNF treatment by distinguishing between elderly patients with EO-IBD and NEO-IBD. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.