C3 and Alzheimer disease: Therefore, considering these findings regarding endothelial cell dysfunction associated with CAA and our primary culture-based results that show that endothelial cell activation and dysfunction is responsible for inducing C3+Decorin+ astrocytes, it is reasonable to suggest that the Decorin+ astrocytes associated with vascular amyloid deposits in mouse models and AD/CAA patients could be induced by activated endothelial cells.