CCL18 and interstitial lung disease: Tiev et al. studied 83 patients with systemic sclerosis-ILD, and reported that a high baseline CCL18 level (> 187 mg/mL) was a predictive factor (HR = 5.36, 95% CI 2.44–11.75, P = 0.001) for worsening of the subsequent disease (with a decrease of > 10% predicted in FVC or TLC) within 2 years using multivariable Cox analysis20.