Furthermore, to validate our description of the metabolic profile of COVID-19 BALF samples, we performed metabolic analysis of immune cells in independent BALF scRNA-seq data from 3 moderate and 9 severe COVID-19 patients, and we selected CCL2+ T cells, Group 2 macrophages and mDCs for key analysis using Compass (Supplementary Figures 6A, B). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is COVID-19.