TNF and Cowden syndrome 1: In addition, TNF-α was found at higher levels in the blood and diseased tissues of patients with severe COVID-19 and it was the critical cytokine in the occurrence of CS (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2020; Gong et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2020; Qin et al., 2020).