The importance of Pak2 in Nrf2 modulation on cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in other pathological settings, such as myocardial infarction and hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy would further contribute to our understanding of Nrf2 mediated cardiac maladaptive remodeling in ER stressed hearts and its role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies toward heart failure. This evidence concerns the gene PAK2 and heart failure.