VGCCs have been consistently implicated in schizophrenia, ADHD, ASD, epilepsy, bipolar disorder, anxiety and major depressive disorder (MDD), implicating Cav channels altered function in dysregulation of calcium signaling, postsynaptic function, synaptic plasticity and gene transcription (10, 21, 25, 26). Here, CAV1 is linked to bipolar disorder.