First, it could bring some selection bias due to the retrospective single-center study with a small amount of cases; Second, the medium follow-up time was relatively short; Third, we were lacking the data related diabetes severity, such as glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide and degree of diabetic complication; Last, some nutritional or immunological factors including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, CD4+/ CD8+, IL-18 and IL-1β (41–44) were lacking for further analysis. Here, CD4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.