NPPA and non-alcoholic fatty liver: The data revealed that plasma KP levels were significantly higher in patients with NAFL or NASH compared with KP levels observed in patients with T2D or healthy male participants (Figure 12D; healthy participants, 6.6± 0.8 pmol/L; patients with T2D, 7.1 ± 0.7 pmol/L; patients with NAFL,19.2 ± 2.6 pmol/L; and patients with NASH, 18.9 ± 2.4 pmol/L; mean ± SEM).