MTOR and cancer: As well as driving MEK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation of ELK-1 to activate MCL1 transcription, epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces PI3K pathway activation to stimulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulated cap-dependent translation, and inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) sensitizes multiple cancer cell lines and mouse models to apoptosis through decreased MCL-1 protein levels [50,65,67–69].