This phenotype is in contrast to the in vitro data of previous reports: genetic and pharmacologic targeting of NOX4 decreased the growth of leukemic cells in vitro (Jayavelu et al. 2016; Naughton et al. 2009; Reddy et al. 2011), which is also consistent with our genetic targeting approach in human AML. The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.