The first machine learning (ML)-based RS capable of predicting PD-L1 expression is developed using CT, PET, or PET/CT scans from 399 patients with NSCLC.46 The model shows excellent performance in predicting over 1% and 50% expression in a test cohort (n = 133, AUC 0.97, 0.88, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.